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Revue africaine de santé et de productions animales |
Volume 2 - Numéro 2 - 2024
1. Motifs de saisies parasitaires et pertes économiques associées chez les ruminants à l’Abattoir Frigorifique de Farcha (AFF) de 2013 à 2018
This retrospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence and economic losses associated with parasitic diseases responsible for the seizure of cattle, small ruminant and dromedary organs or carcasses at the Farcha Abattoir Frigorifique in Chad. Data were collected from the meat inspection register of cattle, small ruminants and dromedaries slaughtered at the Farcha Abattoir Frigorifique between January 2013 and December 2018. The parasitic diseases responsible for the seizures of organs or carcasses of the aforementioned animals were bovine fasciolosis, hydatidosis of dromedaries and dicrocoeliosis of small ruminants. The prevalence of seizures was 1.30%, 0.09% and 0.02% respectively. Total economic losses due to fascioliasis resulting from liver seizures and carcass weight loss were estimated at 229,635,500 FCFA, while organ and carcass losses due to hydatidosis and dicrocoeliosis were estimated at 336,000 FCFA and 408,000 FCFA respectively. Parasitic diseases have a major impact on livestock production, and some of them present public health risks. Control measures must therefore be stepped up to minimise their impact.
2. Effets de Azadirachta indica dans la lutte contre le stress thermique chez le poulet de chair au Sénégal
Poultry farming is a rapidly expanding sector in Senegal. Nevertheless, one of the constraints to the growth of poultry farming is the hot climate which causes heat stress on chickens, leading to mortality in bands. So the general aim of this study is to explore an alternative based on the use of Azadirachta indica decoction to fight heat stress in broilers in Senegal. Specifically, the effects of decoction on rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, blood pH and zootechnical parameters were evaluated. For this purpose, 200 day-old chicks were reared together, fed the same industrial feed and given tap water until day 25. They were randomly divided into 3 groups of 65 chickens each according to drinking water until day 45 when slaughted: a control group receiving tap water as drink, a group receiving 5 g/l decotion of Azadirachta indica extract and a group receiving 10g/l decoction of the Azadirachta indica. The results show that A. indica decoction did not lower the body temperature of the chickens; a drop in vesper respiratory frequency was observed in the treated groups after two weeks of treatment; respiratory alkalosis (pH=8.2) was observed in control group with a significantly higher mortality rate (12.3%); no significant difference was noted in the live weight of the subjects at slaughter. This shows that Azadirachta indica decoction could be used during heat stress in broilers to improve pulmonary ventilation.
3. Prévalence de la brucellose bovine et pratiques à risque de contamination des acteurs de la filière lait dans les préfectures de l'Oti et Oti-sud (région des savanes) au Togo
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis that can be transmitted from animals to humans. It is prevalent in many regions of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. Stakeholders in the dairy sector, including farmers, processors, and milk sellers, are particularly exposed to this disease. This study was conducted in the Savanes region of Togo from October 2022 to July 2023. During the study, questionnaires were administered to 82 cattle farmers or herders and 36 Fulani women involved in milk processing.A total of 520 blood samples and 85 milk samples were collected from 105 cattle herds recorded in 5 cantons. The results revealed 12 positive cases using the Rose Bengal test, corresponding to a seroprevalence of 2.31%, and 22 positive cases using the indirect ELISA test, corresponding to a seroprevalence of 4.23%. Milk analysis showed 39 positive samples using the ELISA-Milk test, indicating a herd prevalence of 45.88%. At the end of the surveys, the majority of farmers and milk-processing women were unaware of the existence of brucellosis and regularly engaged in risky behaviors, such as consuming raw cow's milk and handling potentially infectious materials without prior protection.